Sleep apnea is more than just a snoring problem – it could be a sign of a serious health condition. A disorder that disrupts your breathing during sleep, sleep apnea is often overlooked, even though it's estimated to affect about a billion people worldwide. Surprisingly, many individuals remain unaware of its presence, making it crucial to understand the symptoms and seek proper diagnosis and treatment.
What Is Sleep Apnea?
The most common form of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This occurs when the muscles at the back of your throat relax excessively during sleep, leading to a blocked airway. While snoring is a common symptom, the real concern lies in the long pauses between breaths, followed by gasping for air. These interruptions prevent your brain from receiving the oxygen it needs, leaving your body deprived of restful sleep.
People with OSA often experience daytime fatigue, headaches, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. For many, it’s these daytime symptoms that lead them to seek medical help. It's important to note that sleep apnea can affect anyone, regardless of age, size, or lifestyle. The most common risk factors include obesity, aging, smoking, and a family history of sleep apnea.
The Serious Risks of Untreated Sleep Apnea
While the disruption of your sleep might seem like a minor inconvenience, the consequences of untreated sleep apnea are far more serious. Inadequate sleep can lead to mood changes, cognitive impairments, and even neurological problems. Additionally, sleep apnea has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.
Dr. Malhotra, a prominent expert in sleep health, emphasizes that sleep apnea is not just about snoring – it’s about the overall health of your cardiovascular system. “The repeated drops in oxygen levels can strain the heart and lead to more severe health issues if left untreated,” he explains.
How to Diagnose and Treat Sleep Apnea
If you suspect sleep apnea, consulting a healthcare professional is the first step. A thorough medical history, physical exam, and sleep study are key to diagnosis. Sleep studies, which monitor your breathing patterns during sleep, can usually be done at home with a portable monitor.
For mild cases of sleep apnea, lifestyle changes can be highly effective. Weight loss, regular exercise, and quitting smoking can all improve symptoms, particularly in individuals with excess weight. Switching sleeping positions, such as sleeping on your side instead of your back, may also provide relief.
For moderate to severe cases, treatment options such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy are commonly used. A CPAP machine helps keep the airway open by delivering a constant stream of air through a mask. Though it has a bad reputation, Dr. Malhotra points out that most patients find it tolerable once they find the right mask and settings.
Alternatively, for patients who struggle with CPAP, oral appliances made by certified dentists can help maintain an open airway during sleep. In some cases, surgical options may be considered if other treatments fail.
New Developments in Sleep Apnea Treatment
Advancements in research have opened up new possibilities for sleep apnea treatment. For instance, Dr. Malhotra recently led a study discovering that the diabetes and weight loss drug tirzepatide (Mounjaro) may also help treat sleep apnea. The FDA is currently reviewing it for approval. In addition, researchers are exploring devices that stimulate tongue muscles during the day to improve nighttime airway function.
With numerous treatment options available, there’s no need to suffer from poor sleep. As sleep advocate Arianna Huffington puts it, “The way to a more productive, more inspired, more joyful life is getting enough sleep!”
If you suspect you have sleep apnea or experience any of its symptoms, don’t wait – consult a healthcare provider. Your health and well-being depend on it.
Source: Reader's Digest, March/April 2025 Issue
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